Edited by Roger J. Stancliffe, Ph.D., & K. Charlie Lakin, Ph.D.

With many state agencies under budgetary pressure, solid information on costs and outcomes of services for people with disabilities has never been more important. Now, for the first time ever, that hard-to-find information is collected in a single volume for policy makers, advocates, providers, and researchers. Blending original research with policy analysis, critical reviews of existing knowledge, and examples of cutting-edge programs and policies, this book shows you what works and helps you make sound decisions about how to allocate resources. You’ll examine

• differences in outcomes and costs among various community service models direct and indirect costs of family care
  
  
• the criteria used to allocate funds for community services
  
  
• ways to develop a rational, equitable budgeting process that facilitates the desired lifestyle of each person
  
  
• public policy considerations involved in developing individual budgets in a statewide system of services
  
  
• the debate over independent budgets versus traditional funding
  
  
• costs and outcomes of consumer directed services (self-determination)
  
  
• the question of whether greater expenditures and more staff lead to better outcomes
  
  
• the impact of residential setting size and institutional downsizing on per-person expenditure
  
  
• recommendations for future policy and practice

The highly respected contributors to this volume represent a wide range of fields, including disability services, research, evaluation, policy analysis, and administration. Contributors from the UK and Australia add an international perspective. With their combined research and perspectives, you’ll be better prepared to meet federal mandates for individualized services and improve the quality of life for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

1. Context and Issues in Research on Expenditures and Outcomes of Community Supports
   Roger J. Stancliffe and K. Charlie Lakin
   
   
2. Public Spending for Developmental Disabilities in the United States: An Historical–Comparative Perspective
   David Braddock, Mary C. Rizzolo, Richard Hemp, and Susan Parish
   
   
3. Community Living, Outcomes, and Economies of Scale
   David Felce and Eric Emerson
   
   
4. Family Care for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
   Darrell R. Lewis and David R. Johnson
   
   
5. Home- and Community-Based Services: Costs, Utilization, and Outcomes
   K. Charlie Lakin, Amy Hewitt, Sheryl A. Larson, and Roger J. Stancliffe
   
   
6. Semi-Independent Living and Group Homes in Australia
   Roger J. Stancliffe
   
   
7. Costs and Outcomes of Community Residential Supports in England
   Eric Emerson, Janet Robertson, Chris Hatton, Martin Knapp, Angela Hallam, and Patricia Noonan Walsh
   
   
8. Predictors of Expenditures in Western States
   Edward M. Campbell, Jon Fortune, Janice K. Frisch, Laird W. Heal, Kenneth B. Heinlein, Robert M. Lynch, and Donald D. Severance
   
   
9. Individual Budgets and Freedom from Staff Control
   Roger J. Stancliffe and K. Charlie Lakin
   
   
10. Outcomes of Self-Determination in Michigan: Quality and Costs
    Michael J. Head and James W. Conroy
    
    
11. Individual Budgets According to Individual Needs: The Wyoming DOORS System
    Jon Fortune, Gary Smith, Edward M.Campbell, Robert T. Clabby II, Kenneth B. Heinlein, Robert M. Lynch, and Jerry Allen
    
    
12. Having it Your Way: A National Study of Individual Budgeting Practices
    Charles Moseley, Robert Gettings, & Robin E. Cooper
    
    
13. The Economics of Deinstitutionalization
    Roger J. Stancliffe, K. Charlie Lakin, John Shea, Robert W. Prouty, and Kathryn Coucouvanis
    
    
14. Expenditures and Outcomes: Future Directions in Policy and Research
    K. Charlie Lakin, and Roger J. Stancliffe